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Note that the following is not the complete post; it's just an excerpt of what you can find. The data type “pointer” is used to store the address of a variable or function in memory. A pointer is often called a reference, and it stores the memory address of an object such that when the pointer variable is dereferenced (dereferencing means using pointers) we get access to whatever object was stored at that location in memory. The basic idea behind pointers is that an object stored in memory can be linked to another object stored in memory. There are various ways to use pointers in C, but it is important that we understand what they are used for. They are often used to point to data that is allocated at the same time as the pointer itself, for example, when you allocate a variable using malloc() call, this allocation happens at the same time you create the variable using malloc() call. This makes it possible to store both the variable and its address together in memory. This way when objects are linked together through pointers, since both of them are stored together in the same memory space, they have easy access to each other. Pointer Arithmetic Pointers are normally used in pointer arithmetic. Pointer arithmetic means manipulating the integer part of the address, then also having to manipulate the pointer part of the address. Pointers are often used to write programs that require finding the location of an array that has been allocated at some other place in memory. This is done through pointer arithmetic operations. For example, consider a function to return an array of integers , where 0 < i < N, where N is a power of two. If you want to write a function similar to this one, you will have to allocate N arrays in memory and point each one respectively to each integer. This helps in easily understanding the concept of pointers. Pointers are also used to pass arguments to functions, because when a function is called, through pointers it can access the arguments of that function. It is very easy to pass an array of integers to a function if you use pointers. You can create an array of integers at some location in memory and pass its address using a pointer variable to the function which will be able to use this pointer variable for accessing the elements of that array. Functions that return multiple values using call by reference are implemented using pointers . This way the actual parameters themselves are not passed, but their addresses are passed . Pointers to function variables may also be passed by value, and returned. If a pointer to a function is passed as an argument, and the function returns a value, this value may also be returned by the caller. Pointers and Structures While pointers are mainly used for passing structures or structures of structures, structures of structures can also be passed by pointer. This way we can pass an array of structures themselves as the second parameter to some function. A structure is made up of fields , usually fields are accessed using pointers such as an address (a memory address) of a structure field at which you want to access the field. cfa1e77820
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